Different Stages of Ship Design Explained

Ship design is a convoluted process that involves multiple steps before the construction and fabrication work is commenced. When we use the word convoluted, it not only means complex but also a roadmap where with each stage, the methodology becomes more specific and refined and the shipbuilding process gets closer to being commenced. 

The various stages of ship design are discussed below.

Concept Design 

Unlike a car or a commercial aircraft, a ship is designed specifically based on the exact requirements of the mission and the optimization of various parameters and resources. 

This is the preliminary stage at the outset of the entire design cycle, where the vessel’s operational requirements are identified. Operational or mission requirements essentially mean a study of the exact yardsticks specified by the clientele (owner, operator, liner, company, authority, government, etc.) regarding how the vessel is suited to its purpose. 

For instance, in cargo vessels like tankers, bulkers, or containerships, the cargo capacity in terms of deadweight tonnage or TEU is specified, along with the type of cargo that is intended to be carried. Similarly, for passenger vessels, the number of passengers required to be carried in one leg of the voyage, along with the various suitable provisions, are detailed.

In addition, the other main mission requirements in terms of the voyage, like speed, range, conditions, and routes, are also specified in all kinds of ships at this stage. All these give a clear picture of what direction the vessel needs to be designed in.  

After identifying the mission requirements, a primary design of the vessel in terms of hull form, main particulars, cargo or freight stowage layout is envisaged along with the feasible metrics in terms of the type of stability criteria, propulsion system, engine options, fuel, manoeuvring systems